Sunday, May 2, 2010

25 or 28 WAFS? Just How Many?




There has always been some discrepancy regarding the correct number of women who made up the original group of WAFS. I went to historian Sarah Bryn Rickman for the answer --

28 is correct. Nancy Love recruited 24 other experienced women pilots to ferry airplanes BY THE END OF DECEMBER 1942. Actually, the final recruit of the 25 was Dorothy Scott and she arrived in Wilmington DE on Nov. 21. HOWEVER, three more were signed up by January 1943: Sis Bernheim, Helen McGilvery and Lenore McElroy for a total of 28. Remember, Nancy Love was one of the 25 - also the 28.

After that - by order of General Arnold - all women who wished to fly with the group that eventually became know as the WASP had to go through training at the Army flight school first located in Houston TX and then, as of March 1943, moved to Avenger Field in Sweetwater TX.

The WASP are made up of the original 28 WAFS and the 1074 women who graduated from the training school in Texas. The first class entered training in Houston on Nov. 16, 1942 and the final class graduated on Dec. 7, 1944. -- Total 1102.
Until August 1943, the girls in training were known as WFTDs (Women's Training Flying Detachment). I've heard some WASP from the 1943 classes call it Woofteds and also as Woofteddies.

Sarah

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I might add that the first class of WFTDs to graduate from flight training school in Houston were sent out to various bases to fly on May 10, 1943.

Saturday, May 1, 2010

Oceans, Barriers and Ceilings ...




Firsts matter to Americans - Lindbergh crossed the Atlantic - Yeager broke the sound barrier - Armstrong walked on the moon.


On October 22, 1942 a group of six ordinary / extraordinary women flew six tiny L4 Cubs from the Piper Aircraft factory in Lockhaven, Pennsylvania to Long Island, New York. On that day six WAFS, Betty Gillies - Cornelia Fort - Pat Rhonie - Helen Mary Clark - Del Scharr - and Teresa James broke an aviation glass ceiling. They were the first women to officially fly United States military aircraft.


Flying a little Cub from Pennsylvania to New York may not seem like a big feat compared to Lindbergh's or Yeager's, but in all honesty - it truly was - considering those fellas had no glass ceiling to break ... only an ocean to cross and a barrier to breach.



Thursday, November 12, 2009

Evelyn Sharp Field ~ The Midnight Hour


Evelyn Sharp Field ~ Ord, Nebrsaka


The picture above is Evelyn Sharp Field in Ord, Nebraska - the town where Evelyn lived and learned to fly back in 1935. The P-38 propeller hangs as a memorial to Evelyn who lost her life while flying a P-38 over Harrisburg, Pennsylvania during the war in 1944.

For various reasons, I felt compelled to travel back to Ord in April of 1994 on the 50th Anniversary of Evelyn death. The anniversary happened to fall on Easter that year. Below is a story about my visit to Ord that spring. It was magical visit I'll never forget.

One dark and cold December day in 1993, an old friend came to visit. The love and warmth she brought into my life changed me forever.

In the year 1944 a young woman stepped into the cockpit of a United States military airplane and prepared to take off. As the twin engine fighter left the ground one of its engines failed. Evelyn Sharp was respected as one of the most competent and experienced female pilots to fly for the military during World War II. On that day in April of '44 she proved that that respect was well warranted. She did everything right. Rather than try and turn back to the field, she knew her only chance would be to keep the plane level and make a forced landing.


Finding a grassy knoll, she successfully pancaked the airplane on the ground only to have the front landing gear be driven up through the cockpit. This thrust Evelyn up into the cockpit's canopy breaking her neck. The young woman who had loved flying more than anything else in life had made her last flight.

Fifty years later, Evelyn is passing on to me the knowledge gained through her sudden exit. There is no question as to why she has popped into my life. It's a matter of life and living - living without the fear that stops us from loving ourselves enough to believe. What follows is a story telling of my unforgettable visit to Ord, Nebraska.


*** ONLY IN SPIRIT ***

I see a scene that is surreal to me. Denise and I turn onto the small airfield named after Evelyn Sharp. It is 11:30 p.m., the night before Easter and also the 50th anniversary of Evelyn's death. The night is cold and my throat hurts so bad that I can barely swallow. I wear my World War II leather flying jacket with its soft, thick fleece collar. As we turn into the horseshoe shaped drive to the strip I see a scene that leaves me speechless.

I park the car. Both Denise and I just sit and take in what is in front of us. There is music playing in the car. It is magical music that brings the images in front of us to life. At that moment it is as if we are inside a Steven Spielberg movie. To the left stands a 50-foot tall tower with a white rotating beacon on top. As this beacon rhythmically rotates it gives the illusion of moving diagonally rather than horizontally, with the beam of light gently caressing the frozen ground with each circling.

To the right of the beacon is the faintest of images, an airplane. So dim is its outline that it seems to me a ghost image that could vanish at any second. On the ground, just below the plane, misty blue taxi lights lead out to a small, surfaced runway. The glow of the light is so rich in color that just looking at them takes me deeper into myself.

My heart is open and I am filled with wonder. It feels as though if anyone else drives up, Denise and I will still be the only ones able to see this surreal scene as if it was created for us alone. Standing next to the ghost plane is a small operator's building painted the color of Nebraska fields after the corn has been harvested - golden with a wheat brown trim.

After being taken in by this scene for some time, Denise whispers,

"You know what we have to do?"

"What?", I say.

"We have to walk the runway."

I smile to myself and reply, “Okay”.

We get out of our warm car and enter out into the freezing cold Nebraska night. I zip up my leather jacket and button my fleece collar to cover my throat. I’m amazed at how willing I am to venture out into the cold night when I could easily be lying sick in bed. This entire trip to Ord, Nebraska has been strange in this way. I began getting sick the day I arrived and find that the feeling of having daggers thrust into my neck every time I swallow doesn't seem to bother me. The pain is there, but it doesn't affect my ability to experience the magic of the trip.

The lighted taxiway extends only 25 feet and by the time we reach the small runway my hands, ears, and nose feel on the verge of frostbite. But again, it doesn't stop me from absorbing the experience. The night is dark. I look up to the sky and find it filled with the brightest, sharpest stars I have seen in years. As Denise and I walk we are ten feet away from each other, but it is so dark we cannot see one another. Denise seems playfully frightened, so I poke fun.

"What are you afraid of? There's nobody out here except maybe a coyote or two. Nothing is going to happen. We're meant to be here."

Opposite of Denise, I feel safe and at home.

As we approach the runway I want to walk alone, so I separate myself from Denise even further. Within seconds, I have no clue where I am in relationship to her. We both sense the need to go off and explore the runway alone, solo.
Stepping onto the runway, I look down to the right and in the distance I see red lights. To the left, at the other end of the runway, red and white lights glow. I decide to go left. The red and white lights seem more inviting.

Walking alone, I suddenly feel expanded - huge. I want to embrace the night sky with my arms, but the cold prevents that from happening. My hands stay warmly nestled in the pockets of my jacket and I walk briskly. I look up to see an umbrella of stars. I feel protected. Far off in the distance a dog barks. That, plus the constant swirling of wind around my ears and my rapid cold breaths are the only sounds heard.

In this moment I am connected to all I see and hear and everything I cannot see nor hear. I am walking in total darkness, on a tiny airstrip at midnight, in a remote Nebraska town; it is frigid cold, my throat is killing me, and I am feeling more connected to myself and my purpose than I ever have in my life.

As I walk further down the airstrip, my eyes latch onto a lighted windsock that stands out in the middle of the field. The orange sock, which aviators use to determine wind direction, is attached to a tall pole that has four small lights atop that illuminate the nylon cone. The brightly lit sock demands to be looked at. So far out by itself, it is on center stage. I keep walking down the surfaced runway in the direction of the windsock, my eyes never leaving it. As I get closer I begin to hear the sound of it rippling in the wind.

The lit object stands alone in the dark commanding every part of me. I stop at the edge of the runway, transfixed. It feels as though I cannot take my eyes from it. I just stand and stare. My mind and body have gone to another place. With my eyes fixed, I realize that memories of this place are rushing through me. It all feels so familiar, everything: the stars, the wind, the cold, the windsock, especially the windsock. It brings to me an encompassing feeling of love.

Then I begin to feel something that is not familiar. I look to the left and then to the right. The red and white lights at the ends of the strip don’t make sense to me. Neither does the hard asphalt surfacing under my feet. The only thing my mind and body can make sense of is the lit orange sock, off in the distance. The runway lights and surfacing seem so unfamiliar that they give me a disturbed feeling inside. They should not be here.

I step off the surfaced runway onto the hard Nebraska earth. Now, it all makes sense to me. The windsock is my focal point and the memories come. I am not a 35-year-old woman standing in this field. But, it is 1937 and I am a 16-year-old girl named Evelyn Sharp and this is the field where I learned to fly. My energy and Evelyn's mesh together as I stand on the good earth. I feel as though I have been transported to another time. The grass field and the windsock, this is what Evelyn knew, understood, and loved. They didn't have red and white lights or surfaced runways here in 1937.

A period of time rushed through my body. No definite or clear visual images, just the feelings of her life as a young girl. Some of the memories are sad, but most are of joy and happiness at the chance to experience and feel her own memories through a living human being: me.

I can feel the love she felt toward all I was seeing and feeling: the windsock, the solid cold ground beneath my feet. The same ground she walked as she dreamed of becoming a flyer. I feel waves of love directed toward me for participating in this odd adventure. When I arrived in Ord I never realized the visit would leave me feeling so connected to not only Evelyn, but to myself.

As I stand in the cold night I am transfixed on the orange sock whipping in the distance. I begin the 50-yard trek across the field. All of my senses are magnified a thousand times. Each blade of grass reaches up through my shoes to leave their imprint on the bottom of my feet. The crunching ground as I walk, the brush of frigid air across the soft hair on my face, and a pulsing heart that wants to jump out of my chest to better love everything in its path. I feel huge, like a giant. I am filled with everything I see, touch, hear, and sense. All increased now to what seems ten thousand fold.

The brightly lit sock pulls me closer until I stand directly beneath it. Head cocked backward, I look up as it ripples in the wind. As the remembering continues I can feel myself get greedy. I want to know more. What exactly am I remembering and maybe if I concentrate harder the memories will become clearer. With that thought, the memories instantly stop. It's as if I just snapped out of it. I still feel connected to all that surrounds me, but the memories of Evelyn and her past leave. I pick up a piece of pipe that has broken off the windsock pole, put it in my pocket, and walk back to the runway to find Denise.

Although the memories of Evelyn had vanished, I knew I would return later that night, alone.

UFOs, Whiskey & Facing Your Fears


Jamsie
in her Jodhpurs


The first time I talked to Teresa was on the phone back in 1992. I'll never forget how much fun it was. I chatted with this woman who I'd only read about in books and after 2 hours of stories on both ends ... we became friends. She called me everything from kid to sweetie to honey to sister as in "Listen, kid .... you lose your engine and have to make a forced landing in a field somewhere ... all it is is just another landing ... that's all it is, honey ... just another God damn landing. You got it." All the while speaking in her sharp, curt Pittsburghese dialect.

After our conversation I received a string of rosary beads in the mail with a note ... "This has logged a hell of a lot a miles over the years and never let me down. Now it's your turn - fly safe." I held the beads in my hand and was in pilot heaven. Nothing like a mentor passing down her faith to a beginner.

I met her in Long Beach, California while visiting Barbara (BJ), number 3 of the 6. Teresa and I roomed together. The first night we stayed up until 3AM talking in the darkness about UFOs. One of Teresa's dreams was to one day be invited aboard a UFO. She said she wanted to "fly that sucker". Her excitement was akin to a child's on Christmas morning. She just couldn't wait for that day to come.

That night we talked of God, fears, dreams, the past, planes, love and the future. She was 78 then ... and still had the imagination and heart of a curious child. She remained a dear friend until she died just last year at the age of 94. The day she died I bought a bottle of C&C (Canadian Club whiskey - her favorite), poured myself a shot and toasted the life of an extraordinary woman. A woman who shared herself and her fears so to help me become a better pilot and less fearful human being. All through her life she walked toward her fears ... not away. Her favorite planes were the Curtiss OX-5 and the Army's P-47 Thunderbolt.

Tuesday, November 3, 2009

Six of Six ... The Natural


Evelyn Sharp


Evelyn Sharp's spirit touched many lives. Even as a young girl everyone who knew her felt she was special. She always had a strong sense of herself and her purpose in life and those qualities attracted many people to her.

Evelyn was adopted at an early age in 1919. John and Mary Sharp had little money when they took their new daughter and moved from Montana to Ord, Nebraska. As a young girl in Ord, Evelyn watched barnstormers and felt her connection to flying. When she was 4-years-old she told friends and family that she would "drive" an airplane someday. She took her first plane ride in 1935 at the age of 15 and spent the following year learning to fly.

Although her mother and father supported her dream of flying, Evelyn's life at home was less than perfect. A mother who spent all her time working and a father who enjoyed drinking too much created an independent young girl who used her ingenuity and gumption to get what she wanted out of life.

Evelyn soloed in 1936 and earned her private pilot's license seven months later. She was a natural "seat of the pants" flyer. Evelyn received national attention for being one of the youngest girl pilots in the United States. Knowing the Sharps' financial situation, the businesses of Ord took a collection and presented Evelyn with enough money to put a down payment on a plane of her own. She was cherished as one of Ord's favorite daughters.

Despite many setbacks and disappointments, Evelyn finally earned her commercial rating in 1938 and became a 19-year-old barnstormer. During her two years as a barnstormer Evelyn gave over 5,000 people the experience of flight. She loved the idea of roaming the skies and meeting new people. Those she met never forgot the sense of freedom she exuded.

Evelyn was a Civilian Pilot Training (CPT) instructor until she received a telegram informing her of the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS). She arrived in Wilmington, Delaware on October 22, 1942 with over 3,000 hours of flying time. This made her the most experienced pilot of the original 25 WAFS. With the reputation as an excellent pilot, she earned the rating of a Class 4P pilot.

On April 3, 1944, Evelyn took off in a P-38 Lightning from an air base outside Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. As she left the runway her left engine sputtered and quit. Almost anyone would have gone into a spin as the torque of the remaining engine has the tendency to force the plane into a roll. Evelyn used all her strength to jam the rudder pedal and give the remaining working engine full power. She was able to keep the P-38 level but lacked enough altitude and airspeed to make it back to the runway. She made a miraculous pancake landing on a hillside. The plane was intact, but Evelyn's harness broke and she was catapulted through the plane's canopy breaking her neck. Her extraordinary piloting instincts had almost saved her life.

Her fellow WAFS were shocked when they heard the news of Evelyn's death. She was a trusted friend to many and would be missed terribly. Accompanied by a uniformed WAF escort she was taken back home to Ord where the entire community grieved her loss. With a color guard present, an American flag was draped over her coffin as taps was played.

Five of Six ... The Charmer


Nancy Batson Crews


In the fall of 1927, Nancy Batson's mother took her daughter by the hand and walked into town to see Charles Lindbergh. Birmingham, Alabama was just one of many stops on his tour of the country. As Nancy watched the famous pilot with his plane, a sense of excitement surged through her. Although she was only 7-years-old, she knew then that she wanted to fly airplanes.

The Civilian Pilot Training (CPT) program was created during Nancy's junior year at the University of Alabama. The moment she heard the news she ran across campus at breakneck speed to apply. To enroll she needed $40 and a letter of permission from her parents. Nancy's mother, being an independent and adventurous woman, told her husband to write out the check; there was nothing to discuss. It was a wonderful opportunity for their daughter.

Soloing in a Piper J-3 Cub, Nancy earned her private pilot's license just two months later in March of 1940. Nancy's parents purchased her a plane which enabled her to acquire a commercial rating. When she approached possible employers she was told that women would not be hired as pilots. Heartbroken, Nancy left for Miami, Florida where she eventually found a job as a flight instructor.

After reading a newspaper article about Nancy Love and the formation of the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) in Wilmington, Delaware, Nancy immediately quit her instructing job. So intent on becoming a WAF she never thought to wire ahead of her arrival and simply showed up at Love's door one afternoon, logbook in hand.

On October 22, 1942 the determined Belle From Birmingham was accepted into the WAFS. Nancy was ecstatic. For the first 14 months as a WAF she flew trainer aircraft and cargo transports. Being one of the first women to attend pursuit school in December of 1943, she checked out in the P-47 Thunderbolt. By the time the women pilots were disbanded in 1944 Nancy had flown 28 different types of aircraft for a total of 900 hours in the air.

A letter of commendation was awarded to Nancy and three other WAFS in 1943 for completing a ferry mission to Canada in record time. This was a mission that left little time for sleep. Nancy had always amazed her fellow WAFS with her ability to sleep anywhere - sitting, standing, or stretched out on a parachute. Regardless of what transpired around her, Nancy always got in her afternoon naps. Her relaxed southern temperament had other advantages as well. Another WAF recalls that - "Nancy Batson could charm the pants off a snake".

Having the support of both her parents since she was a child, Nancy was devoted to living her dream. Flying was something she took seriously and she felt proud to be a part of this dedicated group of women pilots.

Four of Six ... The Jester


Teresa James


"Never again!", she shouted after soloing for the first time.

Teresa James did not enjoy flying. It scared her to death. Being infatuated with one of her brother's flying buddies motivated her to take flying lessons. The relationship with the handsome young flyer never developed, but Teresa's interest in flying did.

In 1933, at the age of 19, Teresa soloed after only 4 hours and 20 minutes of instruction. After receiving her private pilot's license she began performing stunt exhibitions at air shows. Determined not to let her fears hold her back, she became a natural at acrobatic flying. On Sunday afternoons Teresa would have spectator's hair standing on end by performing 26-1/2 death spirals followed by 12 consecutive loops; a daring act that other stunt pilots refused to do. Refusing to wear a parachute, Teresa developed an uncanny ability to land a plane almost anywhere. After earning her instructors rating in Long Island, New York, she returned home to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania where she became a flight instructor.

In 1942, she received a telegram stating that a group of women pilots was being established for domestic ferrying: the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS). With 3,000 hours of flying under her belt, she reported to New Castle Army Air Base in Wilmington, Delaware. On September 20, 1942, she became one of the original 25 women pilots selected to ferry planes for the military. Her fellow WAFS could see that she truly was an original. She was a spirited young pilot who enjoyed life and knew the importance of laughter. She delighted in mimicking a variety of the other WAFS distinctive accents and ways of walking. There were times when Teresa could be seen on the flight line wearing her long dangling earrings while in uniform - not quite regulation attire.

One of her most memorable ferry missions was delivering the 10,000 P-47 Thunderbolt to roll off the factory line. It was christened the "10 Grand". Teresa became the first WAF to ferry a plane coast to coast. A movie was being made about the WAFS and a PT-19 was needed in Hollywood for filming. She had never experienced the hazards of mountain passes before and her adrenaline was high. Being a woman of faith, Teresa never flew without her rosary beads. On this particular mission, a good amount of time was spent "rattling the rosary".

During her service as a WAF Teresa's husband was declared missing in action. The B-17 he piloted was shot down over France. She took leave of her WAFS duties temporarily, but was called back to base because she was needed. For forty years Teresa remained devoted to her husband and hoped for his return. It was not until 1984 that she learned what happened to his B-17, and that he actually died when his plane went down.Teresa was a person who never let her fears control her life. From getting back into an airplane after her first terrifying solo flight to wearing wild earrings on the flight line, Teresa would not be stopped from being herself and doing exactly what she wanted.